Mishpatim (מִּשְׁפָּטִים)
Exodus 21:1 – 24:18
First Aliyah
21:1
These are the laws that you must set before [the Israelites]:
These are the laws that you must set before [the Israelites]:
Ve’eleh hamishpatim asher tasim lifneyhem.
וְאֵלֶּה, הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים, אֲשֶׁר תָּשִׂים, לִפְנֵיהֶם.
21:2
If you buy a Hebrew slave, he shall serve for six years, but in the seventh year, he is to be set free without liability.
If you buy a Hebrew slave, he shall serve for six years, but in the seventh year, he is to be set free without liability.
Ki tikneh eved ivri shesh shanim ya’avod uvashvi’it yetse lachofshi chinam.
כִּי תִקְנֶה עֶבֶד עִבְרִי, שֵׁשׁ שָׁנִים יַעֲבֹד; וּבַשְּׁבִעִת–יֵצֵא לַחָפְשִׁי, חִנָּם.
21:3
If he was unmarried when he entered service, he shall leave by himself. But if he was a married man, his wife shall leave with him.
If he was unmarried when he entered service, he shall leave by himself. But if he was a married man, his wife shall leave with him.
Im-begapo yavo begapo yetse im-ba’al ishah hu veyatse’ah ishto imo.
אִם-בְּגַפּוֹ יָבֹא, בְּגַפּוֹ יֵצֵא; אִם-בַּעַל אִשָּׁה הוּא, וְיָצְאָה אִשְׁתּוֹ עִמּוֹ.
21:4
If his master gives him a wife, and she bears sons or daughters, the woman and her children shall remain her master’s property. [The slave] shall leave by himself.
If his master gives him a wife, and she bears sons or daughters, the woman and her children shall remain her master’s property. [The slave] shall leave by himself.
Im-adonav yiten-lo ishah veyaldah-lo vanim o vanot ha’ishah viladeyha tihyeh la’adoneyha vehu yetse vegapo.
אִם-אֲדֹנָיו יִתֶּן-לוֹ אִשָּׁה, וְיָלְדָה-לוֹ בָנִים אוֹ בָנוֹת–הָאִשָּׁה וִילָדֶיהָ, תִּהְיֶה לַאדֹנֶיהָ, וְהוּא, יֵצֵא בְגַפּוֹ.
21:5
If the slave declares, ‘I am fond of my master, my wife and my children; I do not want to go free,’
If the slave declares, ‘I am fond of my master, my wife and my children; I do not want to go free,’
Ve’im-amor yomar ha’eved ahavti et-adoni et-ishti ve’et-banay lo etse chofshi.
וְאִם-אָמֹר יֹאמַר, הָעֶבֶד, אָהַבְתִּי אֶת-אֲדֹנִי, אֶת-אִשְׁתִּי וְאֶת-בָּנָי; לֹא אֵצֵא, חָפְשִׁי.
21:6
his master must bring him to the courts. Standing [the slave] next to the door or doorpost, his master shall pierce his ear with an awl. [The slave] shall then serve [his master] forever.
his master must bring him to the courts. Standing [the slave] next to the door or doorpost, his master shall pierce his ear with an awl. [The slave] shall then serve [his master] forever.
Vehigisho adonav el-ha’Elohim vehigisho el-hadelet o el-hamezuzah veratsa adonav et-ozno bamartsea va’avado le’olam.
וְהִגִּישׁוֹ אֲדֹנָיו, אֶל-הָאֱלֹהִים, וְהִגִּישׁוֹ אֶל-הַדֶּלֶת, אוֹ אֶל-הַמְּזוּזָה; וְרָצַע אֲדֹנָיו אֶת-אָזְנוֹ בַּמַּרְצֵעַ, וַעֲבָדוֹ לְעֹלָם.
21:7
If a man sells his daughter as a maidservant, she shall not be freed as male servants are released.
If a man sells his daughter as a maidservant, she shall not be freed as male servants are released.
Vechi-yimkor ish et-bito le’amah lo tetse ketset ha’avadim.
וְכִי-יִמְכֹּר אִישׁ אֶת-בִּתּוֹ, לְאָמָה–לֹא תֵצֵא, כְּצֵאת הָעֲבָדִים.
21:8
Her master should provisionally designate her as his bride, and if she is not pleasing to him, he must let her be redeemed. He is considered to have broken faith with her, and he therefore does not have the right to sell her to anyone else.
Her master should provisionally designate her as his bride, and if she is not pleasing to him, he must let her be redeemed. He is considered to have broken faith with her, and he therefore does not have the right to sell her to anyone else.
Im-ra’ah be’eyney adoneyha asher-lo ye’adah vehefdah le’am nochri lo-yimshol lemochrah bevigdo-vah.
אִם-רָעָה בְּעֵינֵי אֲדֹנֶיהָ, אֲשֶׁר-לא (לוֹ) יְעָדָהּ–וְהֶפְדָּהּ: לְעַם נָכְרִי לֹא-יִמְשֹׁל לְמָכְרָהּ, בְּבִגְדוֹ-בָהּ.
21:9
If [the master] designates her as a bride for his son, she must be treated exactly the same as any other girl.
If [the master] designates her as a bride for his son, she must be treated exactly the same as any other girl.
Ve’im-livno yi’adenah kemishpat habanot ya’aseh-lah.
וְאִם-לִבְנוֹ, יִיעָדֶנָּה–כְּמִשְׁפַּט הַבָּנוֹת, יַעֲשֶׂה-לָּהּ.
21:10
[Similarly], if [the master] marries another wife, he may not diminish [this one’s] allowance, clothing or conjugal rights.
[Similarly], if [the master] marries another wife, he may not diminish [this one’s] allowance, clothing or conjugal rights.
Im-acheret yikach-lo she’erah ksutah ve’onatah lo yigra.
אִם-אַחֶרֶת, יִקַּח-לוֹ–שְׁאֵרָהּ כְּסוּתָהּ וְעֹנָתָהּ, לֹא יִגְרָע.
21:11
If none of the above three are done [to the girl], then she shall be released without liability or payment.
If none of the above three are done [to the girl], then she shall be released without liability or payment.
Ve’im-shlosh-eleh lo ya’aseh lah veyatse’ah chinam eyn kasef.
וְאִם-שְׁלָשׁ-אֵלֶּה–לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה, לָהּ: וְיָצְאָה חִנָּם, אֵין כָּסֶף.
21:12
If one person strikes another and [the victim] dies, [the murderer] must be put to death.
If one person strikes another and [the victim] dies, [the murderer] must be put to death.
Makeh ish vamet mot yumat.
מַכֵּה אִישׁ וָמֵת, מוֹת יוּמָת.
21:13
If he did not plan to kill [his victim], but God caused it to happen, then I will provide a place where [the killer] can find refuge.
If he did not plan to kill [his victim], but God caused it to happen, then I will provide a place where [the killer] can find refuge.
Va’asher lo tsadah veha’Elohim inah leyado vesamti lecha makom asher yanus shamah.
וַאֲשֶׁר לֹא צָדָה, וְהָאֱלֹהִים אִנָּה לְיָדוֹ–וְשַׂמְתִּי לְךָ מָקוֹם, אֲשֶׁר יָנוּס שָׁמָּה.
21:14
If a person plots against his neighbor to kill him intentionally, then you must even take him from My altar to put him to death.
If a person plots against his neighbor to kill him intentionally, then you must even take him from My altar to put him to death.
Vechi-yazid ish al-re’ehu lehorgo ve’ormah me’im mizbechi tikachenu lamut.
וְכִי-יָזִד אִישׁ עַל-רֵעֵהוּ, לְהָרְגוֹ בְעָרְמָה–מֵעִם מִזְבְּחִי, תִּקָּחֶנּוּ לָמוּת.
21:15
Whoever intentionally injures his father or mother shall be put to death.
Whoever intentionally injures his father or mother shall be put to death.
Umakeh aviv ve’imo mot yumat.
וּמַכֵּה אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ, מוֹת יוּמָת.
21:16
If one person kidnaps and sells another, and [the victim] is seen in his hand, then [the kidnapper] shall be put to death.
If one person kidnaps and sells another, and [the victim] is seen in his hand, then [the kidnapper] shall be put to death.
Vegonev ish umecharo venimtsa veyado mot yumat.
וְגֹנֵב אִישׁ וּמְכָרוֹ וְנִמְצָא בְיָדוֹ, מוֹת יוּמָת.
21:17
Whoever curses his father or mother shall be put to death.
Whoever curses his father or mother shall be put to death.
Umekalel aviv ve’imo mot yumat.
וּמְקַלֵּל אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ, מוֹת יוּמָת.
21:18
[This is the law] when two men fight, and one hits the other with a stone or with [his] fist. If [the victim] does not die, but becomes bedridden,
[This is the law] when two men fight, and one hits the other with a stone or with [his] fist. If [the victim] does not die, but becomes bedridden,
Vechi-yerivun anashim vehikah ish et-re’ehu be’even o ve’egrof velo yamut venafal lemishkav.
וְכִי-יְרִיבֻן אֲנָשִׁים–וְהִכָּה-אִישׁ אֶת-רֵעֵהוּ, בְּאֶבֶן אוֹ בְאֶגְרֹף; וְלֹא יָמוּת, וְנָפַל לְמִשְׁכָּב.
21:19
and then gets up and can walk under his own power, the one who struck him shall be acquitted. Still, he must pay for [the victim’s] loss of work, and must provide for his complete cure.
and then gets up and can walk under his own power, the one who struck him shall be acquitted. Still, he must pay for [the victim’s] loss of work, and must provide for his complete cure.
Im-yakum vehithalech bachuts al-mish’anto venikah hamakeh rak shivto yiten verapo yerape.
אִם-יָקוּם וְהִתְהַלֵּךְ בַּחוּץ, עַל-מִשְׁעַנְתּוֹ–וְנִקָּה הַמַּכֶּה: רַק שִׁבְתּוֹ יִתֵּן, וְרַפֹּא יְרַפֵּא.