Mishpatim (מִּשְׁפָּטִים)
Exodus 21:1 – 24:18
Second Aliyah
21:20
If a man strikes his male or female slave with a rod, and [the slave] dies under his hand, [the death] must be avenged.
If a man strikes his male or female slave with a rod, and [the slave] dies under his hand, [the death] must be avenged.
Vechi-yake ish et-avdo o et-amato bashevet umet tachat yado nakom yinakem.
וְכִי-יַכֶּה אִישׁ אֶת-עַבְדּוֹ אוֹ אֶת-אֲמָתוֹ, בַּשֵּׁבֶט, וּמֵת, תַּחַת יָדוֹ–נָקֹם, יִנָּקֵם.
21:21
However, if [the slave] survives for a day or two, then, since he is [his master’s] property, [his death] shall not be avenged.
However, if [the slave] survives for a day or two, then, since he is [his master’s] property, [his death] shall not be avenged.
Ach im-yom o yomayim ya’amod lo yukam ki chaspo hu.
אַךְ אִם-יוֹם אוֹ יוֹמַיִם, יַעֲמֹד–לֹא יֻקַּם, כִּי כַסְפּוֹ הוּא.
21:22
This is the law] when two men fight and [accidentally] harm a pregnant woman, causing her to miscarry. If there is no fatal injury [to the woman], then [the guilty party] must pay a [monetary] penalty. The woman’s husband must sue for it, and [the amount] is then determined by the courts.
This is the law] when two men fight and [accidentally] harm a pregnant woman, causing her to miscarry. If there is no fatal injury [to the woman], then [the guilty party] must pay a [monetary] penalty. The woman’s husband must sue for it, and [the amount] is then determined by the courts.
Vechi-yinatsu anashim venagefu ishah harah veyatse’u yeladeyha velo yihyeh ason anosh ye’anesh ka’asher yashit alav ba’al ha’ishah venatan biflilim.
וְכִי-יִנָּצוּ אֲנָשִׁים, וְנָגְפוּ אִשָּׁה הָרָה וְיָצְאוּ יְלָדֶיהָ, וְלֹא יִהְיֶה, אָסוֹן–עָנוֹשׁ יֵעָנֵשׁ, כַּאֲשֶׁר יָשִׁית עָלָיו בַּעַל הָאִשָּׁה, וְנָתַן, בִּפְלִלִים.
21:23
However, if there is a fatal injury [to the woman], then he must pay full compensation for her life.
However, if there is a fatal injury [to the woman], then he must pay full compensation for her life.
Ve’im-ason yihyeh venatatah nefesh tachat nafesh.
וְאִם-אָסוֹן, יִהְיֶה–וְנָתַתָּה נֶפֶשׁ, תַּחַת נָפֶשׁ.
21:24
Full compensation must be paid for the loss of an eye, a tooth, a hand or a foot.
Full compensation must be paid for the loss of an eye, a tooth, a hand or a foot.
Ayin tachat ayin shen tachat shen yad tachat yad regel tachat ragel.
עַיִן תַּחַת עַיִן, שֵׁן תַּחַת שֵׁן, יָד תַּחַת יָד, רֶגֶל תַּחַת רָגֶל.
21:25
Full compensation must [also] be paid for a burn, a wound, or a bruise.
Full compensation must [also] be paid for a burn, a wound, or a bruise.
Kviyah tachat kviyah petsa tachat patsa chaburah tachat chaburah.
כְּוִיָּה תַּחַת כְּוִיָּה, פֶּצַע תַּחַת פָּצַע, חַבּוּרָה, תַּחַת חַבּוּרָה.
21:26
If a person strikes his male or female slave in the eye and blinds it, he shall set [the slave] free in compensation for his eye.
If a person strikes his male or female slave in the eye and blinds it, he shall set [the slave] free in compensation for his eye.
Vechi-yakeh ish et-eyn avdo o-et-eyn amato veshichatah lachofshi yeshalchenu tachat eyno.
וְכִי-יַכֶּה אִישׁ אֶת-עֵין עַבְדּוֹ, אוֹ-אֶת-עֵין אֲמָתוֹ–וְשִׁחֲתָהּ: לַחָפְשִׁי יְשַׁלְּחֶנּוּ, תַּחַת עֵינוֹ.
21:27
[Similarly,] if he knocks out the tooth of his male or female slave, he must set [the slave] free in compensation for his tooth.
[Similarly,] if he knocks out the tooth of his male or female slave, he must set [the slave] free in compensation for his tooth.
Ve’im-shen avdo o-shen amato yapil lachofshi yeshalchenu tachat shino.
וְאִם-שֵׁן עַבְדּוֹ אוֹ-שֵׁן אֲמָתוֹ, יַפִּיל–לַחָפְשִׁי יְשַׁלְּחֶנּוּ, תַּחַת שִׁנּוֹ.
21:28
If an ox gores a man or woman, and [the victim] dies, the ox must be stoned to death, and its flesh may not be eaten. The owner of the ox, however, shall not be punished.
If an ox gores a man or woman, and [the victim] dies, the ox must be stoned to death, and its flesh may not be eaten. The owner of the ox, however, shall not be punished.
Vechi-yigach shor et-ish o et-ishah vamet sakol yisakel hashor velo ye’achel et-besaro uva’al hashor naki.
וְכִי-יִגַּח שׁוֹר אֶת-אִישׁ אוֹ אֶת-אִשָּׁה, וָמֵת–סָקוֹל יִסָּקֵל הַשּׁוֹר, וְלֹא יֵאָכֵל אֶת-בְּשָׂרוֹ, וּבַעַל הַשּׁוֹר, נָקִי.
21:29
But if the ox was in the habit of goring on previous occasions, and the owner was warned but did not take precautions, then, if it kills a man or woman, the ox must be stoned, and its owner shall also [deserve to] die.
But if the ox was in the habit of goring on previous occasions, and the owner was warned but did not take precautions, then, if it kills a man or woman, the ox must be stoned, and its owner shall also [deserve to] die.
Ve’im shor nagach hu mitmol shilshom vehu’ad bive’alav velo yishmerenu vehemit ish o ishah hashor yisakel vegam-be’alav yumat.
וְאִם שׁוֹר נַגָּח הוּא מִתְּמֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם, וְהוּעַד בִּבְעָלָיו וְלֹא יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ, וְהֵמִית אִישׁ, אוֹ אִשָּׁה–הַשּׁוֹר, יִסָּקֵל, וְגַם-בְּעָלָיו, יוּמָת.
21:30
Nevertheless, an atonement fine must be imposed on him, and he must pay whatever is imposed on him as a redemption for his life.
Nevertheless, an atonement fine must be imposed on him, and he must pay whatever is imposed on him as a redemption for his life.
Im-kofer yushat alav venatan pidyon nafsho kechol asher-yushat alav.
אִם-כֹּפֶר, יוּשַׁת עָלָיו–וְנָתַן פִּדְיֹן נַפְשׁוֹ, כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר-יוּשַׁת עָלָיו.
21:31
This law also applies if [the ox] gores a minor boy or a minor girl.
This law also applies if [the ox] gores a minor boy or a minor girl.
O-ven yigach o-vat yigach kamishpat hazeh ye’aseh lo.
אוֹ-בֵן יִגָּח, אוֹ-בַת יִגָּח–כַּמִּשְׁפָּט הַזֶּה, יֵעָשֶׂה לּוֹ.
21:32
If the ox gores a male or female slave, [its owner] must give thirty silver shekels to [the slave’s] master, and the bull must be stoned.
If the ox gores a male or female slave, [its owner] must give thirty silver shekels to [the slave’s] master, and the bull must be stoned.
Im-eved yigach hashor o amah kesef shloshim shkalim yiten la’adonav vehashor yisakel.
אִם-עֶבֶד יִגַּח הַשּׁוֹר, אוֹ אָמָה–כֶּסֶף שְׁלֹשִׁים שְׁקָלִים, יִתֵּן לַאדֹנָיו, וְהַשּׁוֹר, יִסָּקֵל.
21:33
[This is the law] if a person digs a hole in the ground, or uncovers a hole, and does not cover it over. If an ox or donkey falls into it,
[This is the law] if a person digs a hole in the ground, or uncovers a hole, and does not cover it over. If an ox or donkey falls into it,
Vechi-yiftach ish bor o ki-yichreh ish bor velo yechasenu venafal-shamah shor o chamor.
וְכִי-יִפְתַּח אִישׁ בּוֹר, אוֹ כִּי-יִכְרֶה אִישׁ בֹּר–וְלֹא יְכַסֶּנּוּ; וְנָפַל-שָׁמָּה שּׁוֹר, אוֹ חֲמוֹר.
21:34
the one responsible for the hole must make restitution, restoring the full value [of the animal] to its owner. The dead animal remains the property [of its owner].
the one responsible for the hole must make restitution, restoring the full value [of the animal] to its owner. The dead animal remains the property [of its owner].
Ba’al habor yeshalem kesef yashiv live’alav vehamet yihyeh-lo.
בַּעַל הַבּוֹר יְשַׁלֵּם, כֶּסֶף יָשִׁיב לִבְעָלָיו; וְהַמֵּת, יִהְיֶה-לּוֹ.
21:35
If one person’s ox injures the ox of another person, and it dies, they shall sell the live ox and divide the money received for it. They shall also divide the dead animal.
If one person’s ox injures the ox of another person, and it dies, they shall sell the live ox and divide the money received for it. They shall also divide the dead animal.
Vechi-yigof shor-ish et-shor re’ehu vamet umachru et-hashor hachay vechatsu et-kaspo vegam et-hamet yechetsun.
וְכִי-יִגֹּף שׁוֹר-אִישׁ אֶת-שׁוֹר רֵעֵהוּ, וָמֵת–וּמָכְרוּ אֶת-הַשּׁוֹר הַחַי, וְחָצוּ אֶת-כַּסְפּוֹ, וְגַם אֶת-הַמֵּת, יֶחֱצוּן.
21:36
However, if the ox was known to be in the habit of goring on previous occasions, and its owner did not take precautions, then he must pay the full value of [the dead] ox. The dead animal remains the property of [its owner].
However, if the ox was known to be in the habit of goring on previous occasions, and its owner did not take precautions, then he must pay the full value of [the dead] ox. The dead animal remains the property of [its owner].
O noda ki shor nagach hu mitmol shilshom velo yishmerenu be’alav shalem yeshalem shor tachat hashor vehamet yihyeh-lo.
אוֹ נוֹדַע, כִּי שׁוֹר נַגָּח הוּא מִתְּמוֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם, וְלֹא יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ, בְּעָלָיו–שַׁלֵּם יְשַׁלֵּם שׁוֹר תַּחַת הַשּׁוֹר, וְהַמֵּת יִהְיֶה-לּוֹ.
21:37
If a person steals an ox or sheep and then slaughters or sells it, he must repay five oxen for each ox, and four sheep for each sheep.
If a person steals an ox or sheep and then slaughters or sells it, he must repay five oxen for each ox, and four sheep for each sheep.
Ki yignov-ish shor o-seh utvacho o mecharo chamishah vakar yeshalem tachat hashor ve’arba-tson tachat haseh.
כִּי יִגְנֹב-אִישׁ שׁוֹר אוֹ-שֶׂה, וּטְבָחוֹ אוֹ מְכָרוֹ–חֲמִשָּׁה בָקָר, יְשַׁלֵּם תַּחַת הַשּׁוֹר, וְאַרְבַּע-צֹאן, תַּחַת הַשֶּׂה.
22:1
If a burglar is caught in the act of breaking in, and is struck and killed, it is not considered an act of murder.
If a burglar is caught in the act of breaking in, and is struck and killed, it is not considered an act of murder.
Im-bamachteret yimatse haganav vehukah vamet eyn lo damim.
אִם-בַּמַּחְתֶּרֶת יִמָּצֵא הַגַּנָּב, וְהֻכָּה וָמֵת–אֵין לוֹ, דָּמִים.
22:2
However, if he robs in broad daylight, then it is an act of murder [to kill him]. [A thief] must make full restitution. If he does not have the means, he must be sold [as a slave to make restitution] for his theft.
However, if he robs in broad daylight, then it is an act of murder [to kill him]. [A thief] must make full restitution. If he does not have the means, he must be sold [as a slave to make restitution] for his theft.
Im-zarechah hashemesh alav damim lo shalem yeshalem im-eyn lo venimkar bignevato.
אִם-זָרְחָה הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ עָלָיו, דָּמִים לוֹ: שַׁלֵּם יְשַׁלֵּם–אִם-אֵין לוֹ, וְנִמְכַּר בִּגְנֵבָתוֹ.
22:3
If the stolen article is found in his possession, and it is a living ox, donkey or sheep, he must make double restitution.
If the stolen article is found in his possession, and it is a living ox, donkey or sheep, he must make double restitution.
Im-himatse timatse veyado hagnevah mishor ad-chamor ad-seh chayim shnayim yeshalem.
אִם-הִמָּצֵא תִמָּצֵא בְיָדוֹ הַגְּנֵבָה, מִשּׁוֹר עַד-חֲמוֹר עַד-שֶׂה–חַיִּים: שְׁנַיִם, יְשַׁלֵּם.